ThinkPad Edge E540 NM-A161 REV-1.0 BIOS + EC ME REGION FIXED

What the file name tells us

Parsed automatically from the file name and caption. Always compare the board number with the one printed on your board.

What this kind of file is for

A BIOS dump is a full image of the board's SPI flash chip. It is written back with an SPI programmer when the original firmware is corrupted, after a chip replacement, or to recover from a failed update. Read and save the original chip first: serial number, DMI data and the Intel ME / AMD PSP state differ between boards.

EC (embedded controller) firmware runs the keyboard controller, power sequencing, battery charging and fans. Depending on the board it lives in a separate chip (ENE KB9012, ITE IT85xx, Nuvoton NPCE) or inside the main SPI image, so check which applies before flashing.